Under normal circumstances, upon sexual stimulation, nitric oxide (NO) is released in the corpus cavernosum. NO activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase, which results in increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The primary mechanism by which viagra effect on heart operates is through the inhibition of the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is found predominantly in the corpus cavernosum, the spongy tissue of the penis. PDE5 breaks down cGMP, thus inhibiting erectile function; Viagra counters this by reducing the activity of PDE5, enhancing erectile response when a man is sexually stimulated.
cGMP causes the smooth muscles of the corpus cavernosum to relax, leading to an inflow of blood and an erection. This application utilizes Viagra’s vasodilating properties to relieve pressure and strain on the heart by expanding blood vessels in the lungs, which helps to improve the symptoms of this condition. Besides its primary use in treating ED, Viagra has also been explored for other medical conditions. For instance, it has been used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension under the brand name Revatio.
Other potential side effects include headaches, flushing, indigestion, nasal congestion, dizziness, and visual disturbances. It is contraindicated in patients who are taking nitrates (often prescribed for chest pain), as the combination can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure. While Viagra has proven to be highly effective in treating ED, it is not suitable for everyone. In rare cases, Viagra can cause more serious side effects like priapism, a prolonged and painful erection that can cause permanent damage if not treated promptly.
Since its market introduction by Pfizer in 1998, Viagra has become one of the most well-known and frequently prescribed drugs for ED. Its discovery was somewhat serendipitous; originally developed as a treatment for hypertension and angina pectoris, researchers noted the drug’s ability to induce penile erections as a side effect during clinical trials. Viagra, known generically as sildenafil citrate, is a medication primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men.
It has shown potential in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare but serious disease that affects the blood vessels in the lungs. Beyond its use in erectile dysfunction, Viagra has also been explored for other medical conditions. For this indication, the drug is marketed under the name Revatio. Research is ongoing into other possible therapeutic uses, including its effects on heart disease, diabetes-induced kidney damage, and even certain types of cancer.
The recommended starting dose is 50 mg, but this can be adjusted based on efficacy and tolerability. Viagra is typically taken orally, in the form of a pill, approximately 30 minutes to an hour before sexual activity. It’s crucial for users to follow medical advice strictly and avoid exceeding the prescribed dosage to prevent adverse effects. Its effects can last for up to four hours, providing ample time for satisfactory sexual intercourse. While it is effective in facilitating erections, it is essential for users to be aware of its contraindications and potential side effects.
As research continues, the scope of Viagra’s application may expand, offering new therapeutic avenues for various medical conditions.